16 Famous Mexico City landmarks & monuments

Planning a visit to Mexico City – the capital and largest city of Mexico? In fact, it is the fifth largest city in the world that was founded by the Aztecs in the 14th century and later conquered by the Spanish  Naturally, you will find that the Mexico City landmarks are a mix of modern architecture and historic monuments, reflecting its long and complex cultural history. What is more is that besides the ancient Aztec ruins, stunning colonial architecture and modern skyscrapers, you will find that the famous landmarks in Mexico city include numerous parks and green spaces.

People often wonder, is Mexico City safe to travel? As the largest city in all of North America, there are of course standard safety precautions to take. But this shouldn’t hinder you from enjoying all those experiences and monuments in Mexico City.

In this travel guide to Mexico city’s famous landmarks, I will be sharing the top 16 sites that you just cannot miss. Along with that, I will be sharing essential tips that will help you plan your visit better. So go ahead, book that trip, and read on for the can’t-miss famous landmarks in Mexico City that belong on your itinerary.

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History of Mexico City

Mexico City has a rich and complex history that dates back to pre-Columbian times. The area was originally inhabited by several indigenous peoples, including the Aztecs, who founded the city of Tenochtitlan in 1325 on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco. The Aztecs built a highly advanced civilization with an intricate system of canals, causeways, and impressive architectural structures such as the Templo Mayor – one of the key Mexico city historical sites.

In 1521, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes conquered Tenochtitlan and established Mexico City as the capital of New Spain, which included most of present-day Mexico, Central America, and parts of the southwestern United States. The Spanish colonial period lasted for over 300 years, during which time Mexico City became a hub of trade and culture, with grand cathedrals, palaces, and public buildings constructed in the Spanish Baroque and Neoclassical styles – many of which are now famous Mexico city landmarks.

In 1810, Mexico City became the center of the Mexican War of Independence, a long and bloody conflict that eventually led to Mexico’s independence from Spain in 1821. The city underwent significant changes during this time, with many of the city’s colonial-era buildings repurposed or destroyed to make way for new public spaces and government buildings.

During the 20th century, Mexico City experienced rapid growth and urbanization, with the population expanding from less than 1 million in 1900 to over 20 million by the end of the century. This growth brought many challenges, including environmental degradation, traffic congestion, and social inequality, but also led to the development of new cultural and artistic movements, such as the muralist movement, which produced some of the most iconic art in Mexico City.

16 Famous Mexico City Landmarks

When you’re in the heart of Mexico City, you might be surprised that it looks very little like the Mexico we tend to see in the media. I found myself mesmerized by the cultural museums, green spaces and impressive monuments of Mexico City that are representative of its rich history. There are several walking tours that take you along these Mexico City famous landmarks. You can also, opt for bike tours as well as take the Hop-On Hop-Off bus – tickets of which can be bought online through Viator or GetYourGuide.

~ Click here to buy and get an audio tour of the best landmarks in Mexico City ~

1. Angel of Independence (El Ángel) – one of the famous landmarks in Mexico City

El Ángel (officially known as the Monumento a la Independencia or el Ángel de la Independencia in Spanish) is one of the most iconic landmarks of Mexico City. The monument is a statue of the Goddess of Victory (Nike), standing atop a tall column in the center of a large roundabout near the Paseo de la Reforma. This Mexico City landmark represents Mexico’s victory over Spain, and several key figures in Mexico’s independence movement are actually buried underneath it.

45m tall, this statue is made of bronze and covered in 24K gold. The famous Mexico monument is also adorned with several sculptures and reliefs depicting important moments and figures from Mexican history. The base of the column features four bronze sculptures representing law, war, justice, and peace. Look closer at the reliefs and you will spot scenes from the Mexican War of Independence and other important events in Mexican history.

While you can plan to visit it up close and personal, you’re also likely to pass it by on any drives through the city. However, I recommend you plan to get there on the weekends when you are allowed to climb its 200 steps to its viewing platform

• El Angel timings: You can visit it any time but you can only climb it on the weekends.
• El Angel entrance fees: There are no entrance fees for this monument.

2. Palacio de Bellas Artes

One of the most beautiful famous landmarks in Mexico City, in my opinion, is the Palacio de Bellas Artes located in the city’s Historic Center. This cultural arts center hosts many important performances in Mexico City, including dance, theater, opera and literacy events. It also serves as a gallery space, hosting various painting, sculpture and photography exhibits.

The construction of the Palacio de Bellas Artes began in 1904 and was completed in 1934. It was designed by Italian architect Adamo Boari, who combined various architectural styles, including Art Nouveau, Art Deco, and Neoclassicism. The architecture itself is one of the reasons why this is one of the most famous buildings in Mexico City.

One incredible experience during your trip would be to see a show at this institution. If that’s not possible, definitely visit to snap photos from the exterior and consider exploring the museum inside for a $4 entrance fee. You can take a tour of this beautiful Mexico City attraction on Sunday for free.

• Palacio de Bellas Artes timings: 11 am to 5 pm
• Palacio de Bellas Artes fees: USD 4 on all days except on Sundays – when it is free

3. El Zócalo – one of the key Mexico City historical sites

El Zócalo, or Plaza de la Constitución, is the main plaza in Mexico City’s Historic Center. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of the largest public squares in the world. In fact, it has been the place of public gathering since the era of Aztecs.

El Zócalo is surrounded by some of Mexico City famous landmarks as well, including the Catedral Metropolitano, Palacio Nacional and Templo Mayor. Given the proximity to the key attractions of Mexico city, this is a perfect place to begin your tour of this capital city.

Walk through the Zócalo to admire the surrounding architecture and take in the quintessential views. In the evening, you can observe the square and surrounding buildings all lit up beautifully.

You can buy and download this audio guide that covers El Zocalo and the other interesting landmarks of Mexico City

Buy & download here

4. Metropolitan Cathedral (Catedral Metropolitano)

This stunning cathedral is also the largest and oldest cathedral in Latin America. It is a must-see, with numerous chapels within to observe. Located in the El Zocalo, the cathedral has been one of the famous monuments of Mexico city since its construction in the 16th century.

It is believed that the cathedral was built over the remains of an Aztec temple, using materials from the demolished temple. It was constructed in stages over the course of more than 200 years, with various architects and artists contributing to its design and decoration.

The cathedral is a blend of different architectural styles, including Baroque, Gothic, and Neoclassical. Its two towers, each over 60 meters tall, dominate the skyline of Mexico City’s historic center. The cathedral’s gilded interior is equally impressive, with ornate marble altars, sculptures, and paintings that reflect the rich history and cultural heritage of Mexico.

Take in the intricate details of the architecture and artwork within, and be mindful of the no photography rules where they apply, You can opt for this guided tour of the Cathedral.

• Metropolitan Cathedral timings: 8 am to 8 pm
• Metropolitan Cathedral fees: There are no entrance fees. It is one of the free things to do in Mexico City.

5. Palacio Nacional

Palacio Nacional (National Palace) is a historic building that is the current official residence of the President of Mexico. This famous Mexico City landmark has been the official seat of the Mexican government since the Aztec era.

It also serves as a museum where you can see Diego Rivera’s ‘History of Mexico’ mural, but only with a guided tour that must be booked online a week in advance. Be sure to plan accordingly, and to arrive 20 minutes in advance of your reservation time as they tend to be strict about their entry protocol. Be prepared to leave a photo ID with the staff when you enter that will be returned to you as you leave the premises.

• Palacio Nacional timings: 9 am to 5 pm
• Palacio Nacional fees: There are no entrance fees.

6. Templo Mayor

When it comes to the must-visit Mexico City historical sites, you cannot miss Templo Mayor. It is a large archaeological site featuring the main temple of the Aztec civilization, which was built in the 14th century. The temple was said to have been dedicated to two major Aztec deities, Huitzilopochtli, the god of war, and Tlaloc, the god of rain and fertility. It was accidentally discovered in 1978, during the construction of a metro station.

~ Get your skip-the-line tickets along with a guided tour of Templo Mayor through this link ~

Today, there is a museum that stands exactly where the ancient temple stood. I highly recommend that you explore the impressive exhibits including stone carvings, pottery, jewelry, and weapons found at the archaeological site. What is more is that you can explore the ruins of the temple itself, including the remains of the main pyramid, the sacrificial altar, and the ball court. There are also, some intricate carvings and sculptures that adorn the temple. An impressive sight to see, especially for history buffs.

• Templo Mayor timings: 9 am to 5 pm
• Templo Mayor fees: USD 5 per adult

7. Casa de los Azulejos or the House of Tiles

The House of Tiles, or Casa de los Azulejos, is a beautiful 18th-century Baroque Palace located in Mexico City’s Historic Center. In fact, it’s not to far off from the Palacio de Bella Artes. The exterior is covered with gorgeous blue and white tiles, and makes for an excellent photo shoot opportunity. The interior is now a restaurant and gift shop.

This famous landmark in Mexico City was originally built in the 18th century as a private residence for the Count del Valle de Orizaba. The tiles used on the facade are traditional Talavera tiles, which are handmade and hand-painted in Puebla, Mexico. The intricate patterns and designs on the tiles reflect a blend of Spanish, Islamic, and indigenous influences, and are a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Mexico.

8. Chapultepec Castle – one of the best historic landmarks in Mexico City

Located in the vast Chapultepec Park, this impressive castle was built in 1725 to house Mexico City royals. The construction of the castle began in the late 18th century and was completed in the early 19th century. It was originally built as a summer residence for the viceroy of New Spain, but later became the residence of Emperor Maximilian I and his wife Empress Carlota during the Second Mexican Empire.

The one thing that you are bound to enjoy at this amazing tourist attraction in Mexico City is the Imperial Apartments. These used to be the living quarters of Emperor Maximilian I and his wife Empress Carlota. Be prepared to be impressed by the couple’s bedroom, dressing room, and private sitting room, which are decorated in a lavish and opulent style.

Besides this, keep an eye out for the Halls of Montezuma – a room that was named after the famous battle cry “From the Halls of Montezuma” during the Mexican-American War. It houses a collection of murals painted by Juan O’Gorman that depict key events in Mexican history.

In addition to glimpses into castle rooms and impressive art, the castle boasts breathtaking views of Mexico City from its hilltop location. Be sure to arrive early, as the lines to enter get long quickly. It’s also worthwhile to explore the beautiful Chapultepec park surrounding the castle as well.

You can opt for one of these group tours of the Chapultepec Castle. They can be easily booked online and have some good reviews.

• Chapultepec Castle timings: 9 am to 5 pm
• Chapultepec Castle fees: USD 3 per adult

9. Monument to the Child Heroes

This monument, known as the Monumento a los Niños Héroes, is at the entrance to Chapultepec Park in a tranquil area. It pays homage to six teenage military cadets who lost their lives defending Mexico.

The six cadets, who were between the ages of 13 and 19, became known as the “Niños Héroes” or “Child Heroes.” The monument was designed by the architect Enrique Aragón and was inaugurated in 1952. It consists of a column with a bronze sculpture of a young cadet on top, holding a Mexican flag. Don’t miss the small museum nearby that tells the story of the Child Heroes and their sacrifice.

10. Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe

One of the most famous and impressive churches to visit while in Mexico City is Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe. It presents a beautiful blend of both colonial and modern architecture and is one of the 2nd most visited religious sites in the world – after the Vatican‘s St Peter’s Basilica.

The basilica complex consists of two churches: the Old Basilica, built in the 18th century, and the New Basilica, which was completed in 1976. The centerpiece of the complex is the Tilma, a cloak or mantle that bears the image of the Virgin Mary, which is said to have miraculously appeared to a local indigenous peasant named Juan Diego in 1531.

The basilica is one of the famous Mexico city landmarks – for both religious and cultural tourism. I highly recommend it for the beautiful architecture of the Old and New Basilicas, including their domes and colorful stained-glass windows. You can also view the Tilma and the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe, which is enshrined in the New Basilica. The complex also includes a museum, which houses artifacts related to the Virgin Mary and the history of the basilica.

In addition to the impressive architecture and the feeling of palpable devotion you’ll experience here, the location offers another great viewing point to take in the city.

• Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe timings: 6 am to 8 pm
• Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe fees: The shrine is free to enter but for the museum, you need to pay around 50 cents

11. Frida Kahlo Museum – one of the best museums in Mexico City

For anyone interested in art, the Blue House which is the Frida Kahlo Museum is certainly worth a visit. Also, called the Casa Azul or “Blue House,” this is the place where this celebrated Mexican artist lived and worked, get a glimpse of her sketches and experience the environment Kahlo created.

The museum’s collection includes many of Kahlo’s personal belongings, such as her clothing, jewelry, and personal letters, as well as her artwork, which includes paintings, drawings, and sketches. When you visit this Mexico City museum, you will also, get to see the various rooms of the house, including Kahlo’s studio, where she created many of her works, and the bedroom, which still contains Kahlo’s bed and other personal items.

Be aware that no tickets are available at the museum itself. Instead, you must reserve online at least one week in advance.

• Frida Kahlo Museum timings: 10 am to 6 pm
• Frida Kahlo Museum fees: USD 13

12. Arena México

There’s really only one reason to visit Arena México — to watch lucha libre. The lucha libre, is an important part of Mexican culture where the wrestlers wear colorful masks and showcase acrobatic moves in a very theatrical style. This arena was built in 1956 and has a seating capacity of approximately 16,500. It is known for its distinctive architecture, which features a brightly colored façade and a unique circular shape.

You can actually attend some live wrestling events and experience the excitement and spectacle of lucha libre firsthand. Sign up for one of the many guided tours that provide a behind-the-scenes look at the world of Mexican wrestling, including a visit to the locker rooms and a chance to meet some of the wrestlers – and this itself makes it one of the best things to do in Mexico City

13. National Anthropology Museum

The National Anthropology Museum, or Museo Nacional de Antropología, is a highly rated museum by visitors. You’ll see artifacts from Mexican and Mayan history, a lovely courtyard with a waterfall and more. The exhibits include art, architecture, clothing, weapons, and other objects that offer insights into the daily lives, religious beliefs, and social customs of these ancient cultures.

It is large enough to spend hours and hours in, so bring comfortable walking shoes, and it has both indoor and outdoor spaces. Opt for a guided tour so that you get the best of the place. Definitely one of the most unmissable Mexico city tourist attractions – and one of those things that you can do in Mexico City with kids.

When it comes to Mayan ruins, one of the best places to explore them is the sites of Yucatan Peninsula.

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14. Monumento de la Revolución

The Monumento de la Revolución, or Monument to the Revolution, is one of the key monuments in Mexico City. This Mexico city landmark is a tribute to the Mexican Revolution which took place from 1910 to 1920 and was a major turning point in the country’s history.

The Monumento de la Revolución is one of the largest and most impressive landmarks in Mexico City, standing at a height of 220 feet. It features a distinctive dome at the top, which is topped by a bronze statue of a victorious angel. The monument also includes several galleries and exhibition spaces, which showcase the history and legacy of the Mexican Revolution.

While anyone can visit this monument from down below, it is not recommended for the elderly or for young children. It’s possible, and recommended, to go inside and up to the top of this monument for spectacular city views. However, the steep and numerous stairs that are part of the trek up the monument are not for the faint of heart.

You can book a guided tour with the entrance tickets through this link.

• Monumento de la Revolución timings: 10 am to 8 pm
• Monumento de la Revolución fees: USD 3 for the observation deck

The other landmarks of Mexico located just outside the main city

The next few popular Mexico City landmarks are just a little outside the city. Given their uniqueness, you will find yourself including them in your Mexico City itinerary. They can be easily done using one of the many guided tours available or you can even drive over to them.

15. Floating Gardens of Xochimilco – one of the natural landmarks of Mexico City

The Floating Gardens of Xochimilco, also known as chinampas, were originally created to offer more farmable ‘land’ when the waters overflowed in rainy season. These natural Mexico City landmarks were originally part of a vast system of waterways and gardens that were created by the Aztecs in the 15th century. They were used for agricultural purposes and to transport goods throughout the region.

These days, the main attraction and ways to experience this area are to take a boat tour, buy food and beer along the way and listen to some mariachi music. It’s recommended to do this on a group tour for ease and enjoyment. There are many tours to Xochimilco from Mexico City that combine this natural attraction with historic ones like Teotihuacan. Note that this place is around 28 km from Mexico City.

16. Teotihuacan – the best of the historical sites in Mexico City

Located about an hour outside of Mexico City, Teotihuacan is one of the most impressive archaeological sites in Mexico. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this ancient city was founded around 200 BC and grew to be one of the most powerful and influential cities in the region by 400 AD.

The name “Teotihuacan” means “the place where the gods were created” in the Nahuatl language, which was spoken by the Aztecs and other Mesoamerican cultures The one thing that will amaze you about this city is its urban planning, which included a grid system of streets and a sophisticated water drainage system. You can explore ancient pyramids and temples, including the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon. Besides the ruins, don’t miss the museum here.

There are several tours from Mexico City that take you to this famous landmark – from group tours to private tours. There are also, walking tours like this one that you can book online and avail at the location. One of the most popular things to do here is to take a hot air balloon ride over the ruins.

• Teotihuacan timings: 9 am to 8 pm
• Teotihuacan fees: USD 5 includes the museum

Day Trips from Mexico City to discover the other famous Mexico landmarks

If you still have some time in Mexico City, you should try and add a few of these amazing day trips to your itinerary. There are many guided tours that help you discover these famous landmarks of Mexico.

• Puebla: Puebla is a charming colonial city located about two hours southeast of Mexico City. It’s known for its beautiful architecture, delicious food, and colorful markets.
• Tepoztlán: This picturesque town is located about an hour and a half outside of Mexico City. It’s known for its scenic mountain views, traditional markets, and mystical atmosphere.
• Nevado de Toluca: This national park is located about two hours outside of Mexico City. It’s known for its beautiful mountain landscapes and hiking trails, including a hike to the summit of the Nevado de Toluca volcano. Another one of the famous natural landmarks of Mexico.

While I have covered most of the major landmarks in Mexico City, here is a bonus, an offbeat one. You might be surprised to learn that there is a park and monument dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi in Mexico City. Gandhi Park offers a tranquil environment with a 1km long running trail. This smaller park is attached to the broader Chapultepec Park mentioned earlier, and it’s a popular space for nearby office employees to come and sit for lunch.

There are many many more impressive landmarks and sights in and around Mexico City for any visitor. Whether you’re a history buff, a culture fiend, a foodie or a nature lover you’ll find reasons to fall in love with Mexico City. As you plan your travel itinerary, be sure to add these famous landmarks in Mexico City to the list so you don’t miss out on an incredible experience!

Common FAQs about Mexico City

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This post has been contributed by my guest author – Nausheen Farishta. She is a solo female travel blogger. On her travel blog, globe-gazers.com, she shares solo travel tips and destination itineraries to inspire fellow WOC to explore the world around them. You can follow her adventures on Instagram: @globegazers.